Every term you'll encounter β plain-language definitions.
Appraisal
A professional assessment of a property's market value, required by lenders. If the value comes in lower than the purchase price, the buyer and seller must renegotiate or the buyer covers the gap.
As-Is
Seller will not make repairs or provide credits. You can still inspect and negotiate, but the seller won't fix anything.
CC&Rs
Covenants, Conditions & Restrictions β HOA rules governing what homeowners can and cannot do (paint colors, landscaping, rentals, parking, etc.).
Closing Costs
Fees paid at closing beyond the purchase price. Includes lender fees, title insurance, escrow fees, prepaid taxes, and homeowner's insurance. Typically 2β3% of the loan amount for buyers.
Comparable Sales
Recently sold homes similar in size, location, condition, and features β used to determine fair market value.
Contingency
A condition that must be met for the sale to proceed. Common contingencies: inspection, appraisal, and loan.
Debt-to-Income (DTI)
Total monthly debt payments Γ· gross monthly income. Most conventional loans prefer under 45%.
Earnest Money
A good-faith deposit (typically 1β3%) made upon an accepted offer. Applied to your down payment at closing.
Equity
The portion of your home's value you actually own β purchase price minus your mortgage balance.
Escrow
A neutral third party that holds funds and documents until all conditions are met.
FHA Loan
A government-backed mortgage allowing down payments as low as 3.5%. Requires mortgage insurance (MIP).
Fixed-Rate Mortgage
A home loan where the interest rate never changes. Your P&I payment stays the same for the life of the loan.
HOA
Homeowners Association β enforces rules and maintains common areas. Members pay monthly dues.
Jumbo Loan
A mortgage exceeding conforming loan limits ($1,149,825 in LA & Ventura County for 2024). Stricter underwriting.
Mello-Roos
A special CA tax on newer properties for local infrastructure. Common in SCV β can add $200β$500+/month.
MLS
Multiple Listing Service β the private database where agents share listings.
PMI
Private Mortgage Insurance β required when your down payment is less than 20%. Removed once LTV drops below 80%.
Pre-Approval
A formal lender review resulting in a written commitment to lend up to a certain amount.
Seller Disclosures
Legal documents where sellers disclose known property issues. In CA: TDS, NHD, and AVID.
Title Insurance
Protects against defects in the property's title β undisclosed liens, forged signatures, errors in public records.
VA Loan
A mortgage benefit for military, veterans, and eligible surviving spouses. Zero down, no PMI, competitive rates.